创建和收听 Webhooks

要接收连续的事件流，可以使用 Pyramid 设置 wsgiref 应用程序来处理传入的 POST 请求。

下面的代码设置了监听器，用于创建和利用 webhook。使用 'pull_request' 和 'push' 作为 EVENT 属性，任何时候 PR 被打开、关闭、合并或同步，或提交被推送，Github 都会发送 POST，其中包含关于 PR/push 及其状态的有效载荷信息。

下面的例子主要来自 Github 关于使用 Webhooks 的例子。在 Github 的文档中 可以找到所有适用于 Webhooks 的事件类型的列表：

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.view import view_config, view_defaults
from pyramid.response import Response
from github import Github

ENDPOINT = "webhook"

@view_defaults(
    route_name=ENDPOINT, renderer="json", request_method="POST"
)
class PayloadView(object):
    """
    View receiving of Github payload. By default, this view it's fired only if
    the request is json and method POST.
    """

    def __init__(self, request):
        self.request = request
        # Payload from Github, it's a dict
        self.payload = self.request.json

    @view_config(header="X-Github-Event:push")
    def payload_push(self):
        """This method is a continuation of PayloadView process, triggered if
        header HTTP-X-Github-Event type is Push"""
        print("No. commits in push:", len(self.payload['commits']))
        return Response("success")

    @view_config(header="X-Github-Event:pull_request")
    def payload_pull_request(self):
        """This method is a continuation of PayloadView process, triggered if
        header HTTP-X-Github-Event type is Pull Request"""
        print("PR", self.payload['action'])
        print("No. Commits in PR:", self.payload['pull_request']['commits'])

        return Response("success")

    @view_config(header="X-Github-Event:ping")
    def payload_else(self):
        print("Pinged! Webhook created with id {}!".format(self.payload["hook"]["id"]))
        return {"status": 200}


def create_webhook():
    """ Creates a webhook for the specified repository.

    This is a programmatic approach to creating webhooks with PyGithub's API. If you wish, this can be done
    manually at your repository's page on Github in the "Settings" section. There is a option there to work with
    and configure Webhooks.
    """

    USERNAME = ""
    PASSWORD = ""
    OWNER = ""
    REPO_NAME = ""
    EVENTS = ["push", "pull_request"]
    HOST = ""

    config = {
        "url": "http://{host}/{endpoint}".format(host=HOST, endpoint=ENDPOINT),
        "content_type": "json"
    }

    g = Github(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
    repo = g.get_repo("{owner}/{repo_name}".format(owner=OWNER, repo_name=REPO_NAME))
    repo.create_hook("web", config, EVENTS, active=True)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    config = Configurator()

    create_webhook()

    config.add_route(ENDPOINT, "/{}".format(ENDPOINT))
    config.scan()

    app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server("0.0.0.0", 80, app)
    server.serve_forever()

服务器输出配置如下的：

x.y.w.z - - [15/Oct/2018 23:49:19] "POST /webhook HTTP/1.1" 200 15
Pinged! Webhook created with id <redacted id>!
No. commits in push: 1
x.y.w.z - - [15/Oct/2018 23:49:32] "POST /webhook HTTP/1.1" 200 7
PR synchronize
x.y.w.z - - [15/Oct/2018 23:49:33] "POST /webhook HTTP/1.1" 200 7
No. Commits in PR: 10
PR closed
x.y.w.z - - [15/Oct/2018 23:49:56] "POST /webhook HTTP/1.1" 200 7
No. Commits in PR: 10
x.y.w.z - - [15/Oct/2018 23:50:00] "POST /webhook HTTP/1.1" 200 7
PR reopened
No. Commits in PR: 10