菜单

使用文本构建简单的菜单。

# %matplotlib tk
from dataclasses import dataclass

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.artist as artist
import matplotlib.patches as patches
from matplotlib.typing import ColorType


@dataclass
class ItemProperties:
    fontsize: float = 14
    labelcolor: ColorType = 'black'
    bgcolor: ColorType = 'yellow'
    alpha: float = 1.0


class MenuItem(artist.Artist):
    padx = 0.05  # inches
    pady = 0.05

    def __init__(self, fig, labelstr, props=None, hoverprops=None,
                 on_select=None):
        super().__init__()

        self.set_figure(fig)
        self.labelstr = labelstr

        self.props = props if props is not None else ItemProperties()
        self.hoverprops = (
            hoverprops if hoverprops is not None else ItemProperties())
        if self.props.fontsize != self.hoverprops.fontsize:
            raise NotImplementedError(
                'support for different font sizes not implemented')

        self.on_select = on_select

        # specify coordinates in inches.
        self.label = fig.text(0, 0, labelstr, transform=fig.dpi_scale_trans,
                              size=props.fontsize)
        self.text_bbox = self.label.get_window_extent(
            fig.canvas.get_renderer())
        self.text_bbox = fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted().transform_bbox(self.text_bbox)

        self.rect = patches.Rectangle(
            (0, 0), 1, 1, transform=fig.dpi_scale_trans
        )  # Will be updated later.

        self.set_hover_props(False)

        fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.check_select)

    def check_select(self, event):
        over, _ = self.rect.contains(event)
        if not over:
            return
        if self.on_select is not None:
            self.on_select(self)

    def set_extent(self, x, y, w, h, depth):
        self.rect.set(x=x, y=y, width=w, height=h)
        self.label.set(position=(x + self.padx, y + depth + self.pady / 2))
        self.hover = False

    def draw(self, renderer):
        self.rect.draw(renderer)
        self.label.draw(renderer)

    def set_hover_props(self, b):
        props = self.hoverprops if b else self.props
        self.label.set(color=props.labelcolor)
        self.rect.set(facecolor=props.bgcolor, alpha=props.alpha)

    def set_hover(self, event):
        """
        Update the hover status of event and return whether it was changed.
        """
        b, _ = self.rect.contains(event)
        changed = (b != self.hover)
        if changed:
            self.set_hover_props(b)
        self.hover = b
        return changed


class Menu:
    def __init__(self, fig, menuitems):
        self.figure = fig

        self.menuitems = menuitems

        maxw = max(item.text_bbox.width for item in menuitems)
        maxh = max(item.text_bbox.height for item in menuitems)
        depth = max(-item.text_bbox.y0 for item in menuitems)

        x0 = 1
        y0 = 4

        width = maxw + 2 * MenuItem.padx
        height = maxh + MenuItem.pady

        for item in menuitems:
            left = x0
            bottom = y0 - maxh - MenuItem.pady

            item.set_extent(left, bottom, width, height, depth)

            fig.artists.append(item)
            y0 -= maxh + MenuItem.pady

        fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.on_move)

    def on_move(self, event):
        if any(item.set_hover(event) for item in self.menuitems):
            self.figure.canvas.draw()


fig = plt.figure()
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.3)
props = ItemProperties(labelcolor='black', bgcolor='yellow',
                       fontsize=15, alpha=0.2)
hoverprops = ItemProperties(labelcolor='white', bgcolor='blue',
                            fontsize=15, alpha=0.2)

menuitems = []
for label in ('open', 'close', 'save', 'save as', 'quit'):
    def on_select(item):
        print(f'you selected {item.labelstr}')
    item = MenuItem(fig, label, props=props, hoverprops=hoverprops,
                    on_select=on_select)
    menuitems.append(item)

menu = Menu(fig, menuitems)
plt.show()

<Figure size 640x480 with 0 Axes>