pcolor images

~.Axes.pcolor generates 2D image-style plots, as illustrated below.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

from matplotlib.colors import LogNorm

# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)

A simple pcolor demo

Z = np.random.rand(6, 10)

fig, (ax0, ax1) = plt.subplots(2, 1)

c = ax0.pcolor(Z)
ax0.set_title('default: no edges')

c = ax1.pcolor(Z, edgecolors='k', linewidths=4)
ax1.set_title('thick edges')

fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Comparing pcolor with similar functions

Demonstrates similarities between ~.axes.Axes.pcolor, ~.axes.Axes.pcolormesh, ~.axes.Axes.imshow and ~.axes.Axes.pcolorfast for drawing quadrilateral grids. Note that we call imshow with aspect="auto" so that it doesn’t force the data pixels to be square (the default is aspect="equal").

# make these smaller to increase the resolution
dx, dy = 0.15, 0.05

# generate 2 2d grids for the x & y bounds
y, x = np.mgrid[-3:3+dy:dy, -3:3+dx:dx]
z = (1 - x/2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2 - y**2)
# x and y are bounds, so z should be the value *inside* those bounds.
# Therefore, remove the last value from the z array.
z = z[:-1, :-1]
z_min, z_max = -abs(z).max(), abs(z).max()

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)

ax = axs[0, 0]
c = ax.pcolor(x, y, z, cmap='RdBu', vmin=z_min, vmax=z_max)
ax.set_title('pcolor')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax)

ax = axs[0, 1]
c = ax.pcolormesh(x, y, z, cmap='RdBu', vmin=z_min, vmax=z_max)
ax.set_title('pcolormesh')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax)

ax = axs[1, 0]
c = ax.imshow(z, cmap='RdBu', vmin=z_min, vmax=z_max,
              extent=[x.min(), x.max(), y.min(), y.max()],
              interpolation='nearest', origin='lower', aspect='auto')
ax.set_title('image (nearest, aspect="auto")')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax)

ax = axs[1, 1]
c = ax.pcolorfast(x, y, z, cmap='RdBu', vmin=z_min, vmax=z_max)
ax.set_title('pcolorfast')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax)

fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Pcolor with a log scale

The following shows pcolor plots with a log scale.

N = 100
X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3, 3, N), np.linspace(-2, 2, N))

# A low hump with a spike coming out.
# Needs to have z/colour axis on a log scale, so we see both hump and spike.
# A linear scale only shows the spike.
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X * 10)**2 - (Y * 10)**2)
Z = Z1 + 50 * Z2

fig, (ax0, ax1) = plt.subplots(2, 1)

c = ax0.pcolor(X, Y, Z, shading='auto',
               norm=LogNorm(vmin=Z.min(), vmax=Z.max()), cmap='PuBu_r')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax0)

c = ax1.pcolor(X, Y, Z, cmap='PuBu_r', shading='auto')
fig.colorbar(c, ax=ax1)

plt.show()

… admonition:: References

The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown in this example:

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.pcolor / matplotlib.pyplot.pcolor

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.pcolormesh / matplotlib.pyplot.pcolormesh

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.pcolorfast

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow / matplotlib.pyplot.imshow

• matplotlib.figure.Figure.colorbar / matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar

• matplotlib.colors.LogNorm