Welcome to Manim!#
This is a temporary test environment in which you can play around with Manim without the need of installing it locally. Some basic knowledge of Python is helpful! Keep in mind that this is a temporary environment, though: your changes will not be saved and cannot be shared with others. To save your work, you will need to download the notebook file (“File > Download as > Notebook (.ipynb)”). Enjoy!
Useful resources: Documentation, Discord, Reddit
Setup#
We begin our short walkthrough by importing everything from the library. Run the following code cell to do so (focus the cell and hit the Run button above, or press Shift+Enter – you can find more information about how to navigate and work with Jupyter notebooks in the Help menu at the top of this page).
The second line controls the maximum width used to display videos in this notebook, and the third line controls the verbosity of the log output. Feel free to adapt both of these settings to your liking.
from manim import *
config.media_width = "75%"
config.media_embed = True
config.verbosity = "WARNING"
If you have executed the cell successfully, a message printing the installed version of the library should have appeared below it.
Your first Scene#
Manim generates videos by rendering Scenes. These are special classes that have a construct method describing the animations that should be rendered. (For the sake of this tutorial it doesn’t matter if you are not that familiar with Python or object-oriented programming terminology like class or method – but you should consider working through a Python tutorial if you want to keep learning Manim.)
Enough of fancy words, let us look at an example. Run the cell below to render and display a video.
%%manim -qm CircleToSquare
class CircleToSquare(Scene):
def construct(self):
blue_circle = Circle(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5)
green_square = Square(color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.8)
self.play(Create(blue_circle))
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(blue_circle, green_square))
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
While parts of this example might seem self-explanatory, we’ll still go over it step by step. First,
%%manim -qm CircleToSquare
is a magic command, it only works within Jupyter notebooks. It is very similar to how you would call manim from a terminal: The flag -qm controls the render quality, it is shorthand for --quality=m, medium rendering quality. This means that the video will be rendered in 720p with 30 fps. (Try to change it to -qh or -ql for high and low quality, respectively!)
Finally, CircleToSquare is the name of the scene class you want to render in this particular cell, which already brings us to the next few lines:
class CircleToSquare(Scene):
def construct(self):
[...]
This defines a Manim scene named CircleToSquare, and defines a custom construct method which acts as the blueprint for the video. The content of the construct method describes what exactly is rendered in the video.
blue_circle = Circle(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5)
green_square = Square(color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.8)
The first two lines create a Circle and a Square object with the specified colors and fill opacities. However, these are not added to the scene yet! To do that, you either have to use self.add, or …
self.play(Create(blue_circle))
self.wait()
… by playing an animation that adds a Manim object (Mobject) to the scene. Within the method, self references the current scene, self.play(my_animation) can be read as “This scene should play my animation.”
Create is such an animation, but there are many others (for example FadeIn, or DrawBorderThenFill – try them out above!). The self.wait() call does exactly what you would expect: it pauses the video for a while (by default: one second). Change it to self.wait(2) for a two-second pause, and so on.
The final two lines,
self.play(Transform(blue_circle, green_square))
self.wait()
are responsible for the actual transformation from the blue circle to the green square (plus a one second pause afterwards).
Positioning Mobjects and moving them around#
New problem: We want to create a scene in which a circle is created while simultaneously some text is written below it. We can reuse our blue circle from above, and then add some new code:
%%manim -qm HelloCircle
class HelloCircle(Scene):
def construct(self):
# blue_circle = Circle(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5)
# We can also create a "plain" circle and add the desired attributes via set methods:
circle = Circle()
blue_circle = circle.set_color(BLUE).set_opacity(0.5)
label = Text("A wild circle appears!")
label.next_to(blue_circle, DOWN, buff=0.5)
self.play(Create(blue_circle), Write(label))
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
Apparently, text can be rendered by using a Text Mobject – and the desired position is achieved by the line
label.next_to(blue_circle, DOWN, buff=0.5)
Mobjects have a few methods for positioning, next_to is one of them (shift, to_edge, to_corner, move_to are a few others – check them out in our documentation by using the search bar on the left!). For next_to, the first argument that is passed (blue_circle) describes next to which object our label should be placed. The second argument, DOWN, describes the direction (try changing it to LEFT, UP, or RIGHT instead!). And finally, buff=0.5 controls the “buffer distance” between blue_circle and label, increasing this value will push label further down.
But also note that the self.play call has been changed: it is possible to pass several animation arguments to self.play, they will then be played simultaneously. If you want to play them one after the other, replace the self.play call with the lines
self.play(Create(blue_circle))
self.play(Write(label))
and see what happens.
By the way, Mobjects naturally also have non-positioning related methods: for example, to get our blue circle, we could also create a default one, and then set color and opacity:
circle = Circle()
blue_transparent_circle = circle.set_color(BLUE)
blue_circle = blue_transparent_circle.set_opacity(0.5)
A shorter version of this would be
blue_circle = Circle().set_color(BLUE).set_opacity(0.5)
For now, we will stick with setting the attributes directly in the call to Circle.
Animating Method calls: the .animate syntax#
In the last example we have encountered the .next_to method, one of many (!) methods that modify Mobjects in one way or the other. But what if we wanted to animate how a Mobject changes when one of these methods is applied, say, when we .shift something around, or .rotate a Mobject, or maybe .scale it? The .animate syntax is the answer to this question, let us look at an example.
%%manim -qm CircleAnnouncement
class CircleAnnouncement(Scene):
def construct(self):
blue_circle = Circle(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5)
announcement = Text("Let us draw a circle.")
self.play(Write(announcement))
self.wait()
self.play(announcement.animate.next_to(blue_circle, UP, buff=0.5))
self.play(Create(blue_circle))
Manim Community v0.18.1
Where we would normally use announcement.next_to(blue_circle, UP, buff=0.5) to position the text without animation, we can prepend .animate to the method call to turn the application of the method into an animation which can then be played using self.play. This works with all methods that modify a Mobject in some way:
%%manim -qm AnimateSyntax
class AnimateSyntax(Scene):
def construct(self):
triangle = Triangle(color=RED, fill_opacity=1)
self.play(DrawBorderThenFill(triangle))
self.play(triangle.animate.shift(LEFT))
self.play(triangle.animate.shift(RIGHT).scale(2))
self.play(triangle.animate.rotate(PI/3))
Manim Community v0.18.1
In the first play call the triangle is created, in the second it is shifted to the left, then in the third it is shifted back to the right and simultaneously scaled by a factor of 2, and finally in the fourth call it is rotated by an angle of \(\pi/3\). Run the cell above again after modifying some of the values, or trying other methods like, e.g., set_color).
When looking closely at the last animation from the scene above, the rotation, you might notice that this is not actually a rotation. The triangle is transformed to a rotated version of itself, but during the animation the vertices of the triangle don’t move along an arc (as they would when the triangle was rotated around its center), but rather along straight lines, which gives the animation the impression that the triangle first shrinks a bit and then grows again.
This is actually not a bug, but a consequence of how the .animate syntax works: the animation is constructed by specifying the starting state (the triangle Mobject in the example above), and the final state (the rotated mobject, triangle.rotate(PI/3)). Manim then tries to interpolate between these two, but doesn’t actually know that you would like to smoothly rotate the triangle. The following example illustrates this clearly:
%%manim -qm DifferentRotations
class DifferentRotations(Scene):
def construct(self):
left_square = Square(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.7).shift(2*LEFT)
right_square = Square(color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.7).shift(2*RIGHT)
self.play(left_square.animate.rotate(PI), Rotate(right_square, angle=PI), run_time=2)
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
Typesetting Mathematics#
Manim supports rendering and animating LaTeX, the markup language mathematics is very often typeset in. Learn more about it in this 30 minute tutorial.
Here is a simple example for working with LaTeX in Manim:
%%manim -qm CauchyIntegralFormula
class CauchyIntegralFormula(Scene):
def construct(self):
formula = MathTex(r"[z^n]f(z) = \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\gamma} \frac{f(z)}{z^{n+1}}~dz")
self.play(Write(formula), run_time=3)
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
[12/19/24 00:23:52] ERROR LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' tex_file_writing.py:314 not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:23:52,567 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:23:52,572 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:23:52,576 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop.
# 2024-12-19 00:23:52,579 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop. tex_file_writing.py:314
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[7], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('manim', '-qm CauchyIntegralFormula', '\nclass CauchyIntegralFormula(Scene):\n def construct(self):\n formula = MathTex(r"[z^n]f(z) = \\frac{1}{2\\pi i}\\oint_{\\gamma} \\frac{f(z)}{z^{n+1}}~dz")\n self.play(Write(formula), run_time=3)\n self.wait()\n')
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2541, in InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2539 with self.builtin_trap:
2540 args = (magic_arg_s, cell)
-> 2541 result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
2543 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
2544 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
2545 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
2546 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/ipython_magic.py:143, in ManimMagic.manim(self, line, cell, local_ns)
141 SceneClass = local_ns[config["scene_names"][0]]
142 scene = SceneClass(renderer=renderer)
--> 143 scene.render()
144 finally:
145 # Shader cache becomes invalid as the context is destroyed
146 shader_program_cache.clear()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/scene/scene.py:229, in Scene.render(self, preview)
227 self.setup()
228 try:
--> 229 self.construct()
230 except EndSceneEarlyException:
231 pass
File <string>:4, in construct(self)
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:293, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
280 if self.brace_notation_split_occurred:
281 logger.error(
282 dedent(
283 """\
(...)
291 ),
292 )
--> 293 raise compilation_error
294 self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
296 if self.organize_left_to_right:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:272, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
270 self.tex_strings = self._break_up_tex_strings(tex_strings)
271 try:
--> 272 super().__init__(
273 self.arg_separator.join(self.tex_strings),
274 tex_environment=self.tex_environment,
275 tex_template=self.tex_template,
276 **kwargs,
277 )
278 self._break_up_by_substrings()
279 except ValueError as compilation_error:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:81, in SingleStringMathTex.__init__(self, tex_string, stroke_width, should_center, height, organize_left_to_right, tex_environment, tex_template, font_size, **kwargs)
79 assert isinstance(tex_string, str)
80 self.tex_string = tex_string
---> 81 file_name = tex_to_svg_file(
82 self._get_modified_expression(tex_string),
83 environment=self.tex_environment,
84 tex_template=self.tex_template,
85 )
86 super().__init__(
87 file_name=file_name,
88 should_center=should_center,
(...)
95 **kwargs,
96 )
97 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:63, in tex_to_svg_file(expression, environment, tex_template)
60 if svg_file.exists():
61 return svg_file
---> 63 dvi_file = compile_tex(
64 tex_file,
65 tex_template.tex_compiler,
66 tex_template.output_format,
67 )
68 svg_file = convert_to_svg(dvi_file, tex_template.output_format)
69 if not config["no_latex_cleanup"]:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:213, in compile_tex(tex_file, tex_compiler, output_format)
211 log_file = tex_file.with_suffix(".log")
212 print_all_tex_errors(log_file, tex_compiler, tex_file)
--> 213 raise ValueError(
214 f"{tex_compiler} error converting to"
215 f" {output_format[1:]}. See log output above or"
216 f" the log file: {log_file}",
217 )
218 return result
ValueError: latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: media/Tex/f2f7b2ae88060618.log
As this example demonstrates, MathTex allows to render simple (math mode) LaTeX strings. If you want to render “normal mode” LaTeX, use Tex instead.
Of course, Manim can also help you to visualize transformations of typeset formulae. Consider the following example:
%%manim -qm TransformEquation
class TransformEquation(Scene):
def construct(self):
eq1 = MathTex("42 {{ a^2 }} + {{ b^2 }} = {{ c^2 }}")
eq2 = MathTex("42 {{ a^2 }} = {{ c^2 }} - {{ b^2 }}")
eq3 = MathTex(r"a^2 = \frac{c^2 - b^2}{42}")
self.add(eq1)
self.wait()
self.play(TransformMatchingTex(eq1, eq2))
self.wait()
self.play(TransformMatchingShapes(eq2, eq3))
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
[12/19/24 00:24:16] ERROR LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' tex_file_writing.py:314 not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:16,826 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:16,831 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:24:16,835 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:16,839 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:24:16,843 ERROR manim tex_mobject.py:281 -- A group of double braces, {{ ... }}, was detected in
your string. Manim splits TeX strings at the double
braces, which might have caused the current
compilation error. If you didn't use the double brace
split intentionally, add spaces between the braces to
avoid the automatic splitting: {{ ... }} --> { { ... } }.
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop. tex_file_writing.py:314
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR A group of double braces, {{ ... }}, was detected in tex_mobject.py:281 your string. Manim splits TeX strings at the double braces, which might have caused the current compilation error. If you didn't use the double brace split intentionally, add spaces between the braces to avoid the automatic splitting: {{ ... }} --> { { ... } }.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('manim', '-qm TransformEquation', '\nclass TransformEquation(Scene):\n def construct(self):\n eq1 = MathTex("42 {{ a^2 }} + {{ b^2 }} = {{ c^2 }}")\n eq2 = MathTex("42 {{ a^2 }} = {{ c^2 }} - {{ b^2 }}")\n eq3 = MathTex(r"a^2 = \\frac{c^2 - b^2}{42}")\n self.add(eq1)\n self.wait()\n self.play(TransformMatchingTex(eq1, eq2))\n self.wait()\n self.play(TransformMatchingShapes(eq2, eq3))\n self.wait()\n')
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2541, in InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2539 with self.builtin_trap:
2540 args = (magic_arg_s, cell)
-> 2541 result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
2543 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
2544 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
2545 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
2546 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/ipython_magic.py:143, in ManimMagic.manim(self, line, cell, local_ns)
141 SceneClass = local_ns[config["scene_names"][0]]
142 scene = SceneClass(renderer=renderer)
--> 143 scene.render()
144 finally:
145 # Shader cache becomes invalid as the context is destroyed
146 shader_program_cache.clear()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/scene/scene.py:229, in Scene.render(self, preview)
227 self.setup()
228 try:
--> 229 self.construct()
230 except EndSceneEarlyException:
231 pass
File <string>:4, in construct(self)
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:293, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
280 if self.brace_notation_split_occurred:
281 logger.error(
282 dedent(
283 """\
(...)
291 ),
292 )
--> 293 raise compilation_error
294 self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
296 if self.organize_left_to_right:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:272, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
270 self.tex_strings = self._break_up_tex_strings(tex_strings)
271 try:
--> 272 super().__init__(
273 self.arg_separator.join(self.tex_strings),
274 tex_environment=self.tex_environment,
275 tex_template=self.tex_template,
276 **kwargs,
277 )
278 self._break_up_by_substrings()
279 except ValueError as compilation_error:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:81, in SingleStringMathTex.__init__(self, tex_string, stroke_width, should_center, height, organize_left_to_right, tex_environment, tex_template, font_size, **kwargs)
79 assert isinstance(tex_string, str)
80 self.tex_string = tex_string
---> 81 file_name = tex_to_svg_file(
82 self._get_modified_expression(tex_string),
83 environment=self.tex_environment,
84 tex_template=self.tex_template,
85 )
86 super().__init__(
87 file_name=file_name,
88 should_center=should_center,
(...)
95 **kwargs,
96 )
97 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:63, in tex_to_svg_file(expression, environment, tex_template)
60 if svg_file.exists():
61 return svg_file
---> 63 dvi_file = compile_tex(
64 tex_file,
65 tex_template.tex_compiler,
66 tex_template.output_format,
67 )
68 svg_file = convert_to_svg(dvi_file, tex_template.output_format)
69 if not config["no_latex_cleanup"]:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:213, in compile_tex(tex_file, tex_compiler, output_format)
211 log_file = tex_file.with_suffix(".log")
212 print_all_tex_errors(log_file, tex_compiler, tex_file)
--> 213 raise ValueError(
214 f"{tex_compiler} error converting to"
215 f" {output_format[1:]}. See log output above or"
216 f" the log file: {log_file}",
217 )
218 return result
ValueError: latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: media/Tex/6438366402eefb08.log
In this last example, eq1 and eq2 have some double braces positions where, conventionally, there wouldn’t be any in plain LaTeX. This is special Manim notation that groups the resulting Tex Mobjects eq1 and eq2 in a particular way.
This special notation is helpful when using the TransformMatchingTex animation: it will transform parts with equal TeX strings (for example, a^2 to a^2) into each other – and without the special notation, the equation is considered to be one long TeX string. In comparison, TransformMatchingShapes is less smart: it simply tries to transform shapes that “look the same” into each other – nonetheless, it is still often very useful.
If you have made it this far, you should have a first impression of basic usage of the library. You can find a few more advanced examples that illustrate some more specialized concepts in the library below. Go ahead, try to play around and modify them just like you did for the ones above! Explore our documentation to get an idea about things that are already implemented – and look at the source code in case you want to build some more complex objects yourself.
The community is certainly also happy to answer questions – and we hope you share your awesome projects with us! Happy manimating!
Some more specialized examples#
Before you delve right into these examples: please note that they illustrate specialized concepts, they are meant to give you a feeling for how more complex scenes are setup and coded. The examples don’t come with additional explanation, they are not intended as (entry level) learning resources.
%%manim -qm FormulaEmphasis
class FormulaEmphasis(Scene):
def construct(self):
product_formula = MathTex(
r"\frac{d}{dx} f(x)g(x) =",
r"f(x) \frac{d}{dx} g(x)",
r"+",
r"g(x) \frac{d}{dx} f(x)"
)
self.play(Write(product_formula))
box1 = SurroundingRectangle(product_formula[1], buff=0.1)
box2 = SurroundingRectangle(product_formula[3], buff=0.1)
self.play(Create(box1))
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(box1, box2))
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
[12/19/24 00:24:19] ERROR LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' tex_file_writing.py:314 not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:19,985 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:19,993 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:24:19,998 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:20,001 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop. tex_file_writing.py:314
[12/19/24 00:24:20] ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('manim', '-qm FormulaEmphasis', '\nclass FormulaEmphasis(Scene):\n def construct(self):\n product_formula = MathTex(\n r"\\frac{d}{dx} f(x)g(x) =",\n r"f(x) \\frac{d}{dx} g(x)",\n r"+",\n r"g(x) \\frac{d}{dx} f(x)"\n )\n self.play(Write(product_formula))\n box1 = SurroundingRectangle(product_formula[1], buff=0.1)\n box2 = SurroundingRectangle(product_formula[3], buff=0.1)\n self.play(Create(box1))\n self.wait()\n self.play(Transform(box1, box2))\n self.wait()\n')
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2541, in InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2539 with self.builtin_trap:
2540 args = (magic_arg_s, cell)
-> 2541 result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
2543 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
2544 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
2545 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
2546 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/ipython_magic.py:143, in ManimMagic.manim(self, line, cell, local_ns)
141 SceneClass = local_ns[config["scene_names"][0]]
142 scene = SceneClass(renderer=renderer)
--> 143 scene.render()
144 finally:
145 # Shader cache becomes invalid as the context is destroyed
146 shader_program_cache.clear()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/scene/scene.py:229, in Scene.render(self, preview)
227 self.setup()
228 try:
--> 229 self.construct()
230 except EndSceneEarlyException:
231 pass
File <string>:4, in construct(self)
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:293, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
280 if self.brace_notation_split_occurred:
281 logger.error(
282 dedent(
283 """\
(...)
291 ),
292 )
--> 293 raise compilation_error
294 self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
296 if self.organize_left_to_right:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:272, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
270 self.tex_strings = self._break_up_tex_strings(tex_strings)
271 try:
--> 272 super().__init__(
273 self.arg_separator.join(self.tex_strings),
274 tex_environment=self.tex_environment,
275 tex_template=self.tex_template,
276 **kwargs,
277 )
278 self._break_up_by_substrings()
279 except ValueError as compilation_error:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:81, in SingleStringMathTex.__init__(self, tex_string, stroke_width, should_center, height, organize_left_to_right, tex_environment, tex_template, font_size, **kwargs)
79 assert isinstance(tex_string, str)
80 self.tex_string = tex_string
---> 81 file_name = tex_to_svg_file(
82 self._get_modified_expression(tex_string),
83 environment=self.tex_environment,
84 tex_template=self.tex_template,
85 )
86 super().__init__(
87 file_name=file_name,
88 should_center=should_center,
(...)
95 **kwargs,
96 )
97 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:63, in tex_to_svg_file(expression, environment, tex_template)
60 if svg_file.exists():
61 return svg_file
---> 63 dvi_file = compile_tex(
64 tex_file,
65 tex_template.tex_compiler,
66 tex_template.output_format,
67 )
68 svg_file = convert_to_svg(dvi_file, tex_template.output_format)
69 if not config["no_latex_cleanup"]:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:213, in compile_tex(tex_file, tex_compiler, output_format)
211 log_file = tex_file.with_suffix(".log")
212 print_all_tex_errors(log_file, tex_compiler, tex_file)
--> 213 raise ValueError(
214 f"{tex_compiler} error converting to"
215 f" {output_format[1:]}. See log output above or"
216 f" the log file: {log_file}",
217 )
218 return result
ValueError: latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: media/Tex/b108900673a1b428.log
%%manim -qm PlotExample
class PlotExample(Scene):
def construct(self):
plot_axes = Axes(
x_range=[0, 1, 0.05],
y_range=[0, 1, 0.05],
x_length=9,
y_length=5.5,
axis_config={
"numbers_to_include": np.arange(0, 1 + 0.1, 0.1),
"font_size": 24,
},
tips=False,
)
y_label = plot_axes.get_y_axis_label("y", edge=LEFT, direction=LEFT, buff=0.4)
x_label = plot_axes.get_x_axis_label("x")
plot_labels = VGroup(x_label, y_label)
plots = VGroup()
for n in np.arange(1, 20 + 0.5, 0.5):
plots += plot_axes.plot(lambda x: x**n, color=WHITE)
plots += plot_axes.plot(
lambda x: x**(1 / n), color=WHITE, use_smoothing=False
)
extras = VGroup()
extras += plot_axes.get_horizontal_line(plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=BLUE)
extras += plot_axes.get_vertical_line(plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=BLUE)
extras += Dot(point=plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=YELLOW)
title = Title(
r"Graphs of $y=x^{\frac{1}{n}}$ and $y=x^n (n=1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, \dots, 20)$",
include_underline=False,
font_size=40,
)
self.play(Write(title))
self.play(Create(plot_axes), Create(plot_labels), Create(extras))
self.play(AnimationGroup(*[Create(plot) for plot in plots], lag_ratio=0.05))
Manim Community v0.18.1
[12/19/24 00:24:21] ERROR LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' tex_file_writing.py:314 not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:21,583 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:21,586 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:24:21,590 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop.
# 2024-12-19 00:24:21,593 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop. tex_file_writing.py:314
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[10], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('manim', '-qm PlotExample', '\nclass PlotExample(Scene):\n def construct(self):\n plot_axes = Axes(\n x_range=[0, 1, 0.05],\n y_range=[0, 1, 0.05],\n x_length=9,\n y_length=5.5,\n axis_config={\n "numbers_to_include": np.arange(0, 1 + 0.1, 0.1),\n "font_size": 24,\n },\n tips=False,\n )\n\n y_label = plot_axes.get_y_axis_label("y", edge=LEFT, direction=LEFT, buff=0.4)\n x_label = plot_axes.get_x_axis_label("x")\n plot_labels = VGroup(x_label, y_label)\n\n plots = VGroup()\n for n in np.arange(1, 20 + 0.5, 0.5):\n plots += plot_axes.plot(lambda x: x**n, color=WHITE)\n plots += plot_axes.plot(\n lambda x: x**(1 / n), color=WHITE, use_smoothing=False\n )\n\n extras = VGroup()\n extras += plot_axes.get_horizontal_line(plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=BLUE)\n extras += plot_axes.get_vertical_line(plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=BLUE)\n extras += Dot(point=plot_axes.c2p(1, 1, 0), color=YELLOW)\n title = Title(\n r"Graphs of $y=x^{\\frac{1}{n}}$ and $y=x^n (n=1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, \\dots, 20)$",\n include_underline=False,\n font_size=40,\n )\n \n self.play(Write(title))\n self.play(Create(plot_axes), Create(plot_labels), Create(extras))\n self.play(AnimationGroup(*[Create(plot) for plot in plots], lag_ratio=0.05))\n')
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2541, in InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2539 with self.builtin_trap:
2540 args = (magic_arg_s, cell)
-> 2541 result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
2543 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
2544 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
2545 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
2546 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/ipython_magic.py:143, in ManimMagic.manim(self, line, cell, local_ns)
141 SceneClass = local_ns[config["scene_names"][0]]
142 scene = SceneClass(renderer=renderer)
--> 143 scene.render()
144 finally:
145 # Shader cache becomes invalid as the context is destroyed
146 shader_program_cache.clear()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/scene/scene.py:229, in Scene.render(self, preview)
227 self.setup()
228 try:
--> 229 self.construct()
230 except EndSceneEarlyException:
231 pass
File <string>:4, in construct(self)
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py:1896, in Axes.__init__(self, x_range, y_range, x_length, y_length, axis_config, x_axis_config, y_axis_config, tips, **kwargs)
1893 else:
1894 self.y_axis_config["exclude_origin_tick"] = False
-> 1896 self.x_axis = self._create_axis(self.x_range, self.x_axis_config, self.x_length)
1897 self.y_axis = self._create_axis(self.y_range, self.y_axis_config, self.y_length)
1899 # Add as a separate group in case various other
1900 # mobjects are added to self, as for example in
1901 # NumberPlane below
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py:1971, in Axes._create_axis(self, range_terms, axis_config, length)
1954 """Creates an axis and dynamically adjusts its position depending on where 0 is located on the line.
1955
1956 Parameters
(...)
1968 Returns a number line based on ``range_terms``.
1969 """
1970 axis_config["length"] = length
-> 1971 axis = NumberLine(range_terms, **axis_config)
1973 # without the call to _origin_shift, graph does not exist when min > 0 or max < 0
1974 # shifts the axis so that 0 is centered
1975 axis.shift(-axis.number_to_point(self._origin_shift([axis.x_min, axis.x_max])))
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py:261, in NumberLine.__init__(self, x_range, length, unit_size, include_ticks, tick_size, numbers_with_elongated_ticks, longer_tick_multiple, exclude_origin_tick, rotation, stroke_width, include_tip, tip_width, tip_height, tip_shape, include_numbers, font_size, label_direction, label_constructor, scaling, line_to_number_buff, decimal_number_config, numbers_to_exclude, numbers_to_include, **kwargs)
246 self.add_labels(
247 dict(
248 zip(
(...)
257 ),
258 )
260 else:
--> 261 self.add_numbers(
262 x_values=self.numbers_to_include,
263 excluding=self.numbers_to_exclude,
264 font_size=self.font_size,
265 )
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py:533, in NumberLine.add_numbers(self, x_values, excluding, font_size, label_constructor, **kwargs)
530 if x in excluding:
531 continue
532 numbers.add(
--> 533 self.get_number_mobject(
534 x,
535 font_size=font_size,
536 label_constructor=label_constructor,
537 **kwargs,
538 )
539 )
540 self.add(numbers)
541 self.numbers = numbers
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py:471, in NumberLine.get_number_mobject(self, x, direction, buff, font_size, label_constructor, **number_config)
468 if label_constructor is None:
469 label_constructor = self.label_constructor
--> 471 num_mob = DecimalNumber(
472 x, font_size=font_size, mob_class=label_constructor, **number_config
473 )
475 num_mob.next_to(self.number_to_point(x), direction=direction, buff=buff)
476 if x < 0 and self.label_direction[0] == 0:
477 # Align without the minus sign
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/numbers.py:135, in DecimalNumber.__init__(self, number, num_decimal_places, mob_class, include_sign, group_with_commas, digit_buff_per_font_unit, show_ellipsis, unit, unit_buff_per_font_unit, include_background_rectangle, edge_to_fix, font_size, stroke_width, fill_opacity, **kwargs)
117 self.initial_config = kwargs.copy()
118 self.initial_config.update(
119 {
120 "num_decimal_places": num_decimal_places,
(...)
132 },
133 )
--> 135 self._set_submobjects_from_number(number)
136 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/numbers.py:160, in DecimalNumber._set_submobjects_from_number(self, number)
157 self.submobjects = []
159 num_string = self._get_num_string(number)
--> 160 self.add(*(map(self._string_to_mob, num_string)))
162 # Add non-numerical bits
163 if self.show_ellipsis:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/numbers.py:225, in DecimalNumber._string_to_mob(self, string, mob_class, **kwargs)
222 mob_class = self.mob_class
224 if string not in string_to_mob_map:
--> 225 string_to_mob_map[string] = mob_class(string, **kwargs)
226 mob = string_to_mob_map[string].copy()
227 mob.font_size = self._font_size
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:293, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
280 if self.brace_notation_split_occurred:
281 logger.error(
282 dedent(
283 """\
(...)
291 ),
292 )
--> 293 raise compilation_error
294 self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
296 if self.organize_left_to_right:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:272, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
270 self.tex_strings = self._break_up_tex_strings(tex_strings)
271 try:
--> 272 super().__init__(
273 self.arg_separator.join(self.tex_strings),
274 tex_environment=self.tex_environment,
275 tex_template=self.tex_template,
276 **kwargs,
277 )
278 self._break_up_by_substrings()
279 except ValueError as compilation_error:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:81, in SingleStringMathTex.__init__(self, tex_string, stroke_width, should_center, height, organize_left_to_right, tex_environment, tex_template, font_size, **kwargs)
79 assert isinstance(tex_string, str)
80 self.tex_string = tex_string
---> 81 file_name = tex_to_svg_file(
82 self._get_modified_expression(tex_string),
83 environment=self.tex_environment,
84 tex_template=self.tex_template,
85 )
86 super().__init__(
87 file_name=file_name,
88 should_center=should_center,
(...)
95 **kwargs,
96 )
97 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:63, in tex_to_svg_file(expression, environment, tex_template)
60 if svg_file.exists():
61 return svg_file
---> 63 dvi_file = compile_tex(
64 tex_file,
65 tex_template.tex_compiler,
66 tex_template.output_format,
67 )
68 svg_file = convert_to_svg(dvi_file, tex_template.output_format)
69 if not config["no_latex_cleanup"]:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:213, in compile_tex(tex_file, tex_compiler, output_format)
211 log_file = tex_file.with_suffix(".log")
212 print_all_tex_errors(log_file, tex_compiler, tex_file)
--> 213 raise ValueError(
214 f"{tex_compiler} error converting to"
215 f" {output_format[1:]}. See log output above or"
216 f" the log file: {log_file}",
217 )
218 return result
ValueError: latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: media/Tex/66e1bc57a83e0f07.log
%%manim -qm ErdosRenyiGraph
import networkx as nx
nxgraph = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(14, 0.5)
class ErdosRenyiGraph(Scene):
def construct(self):
G = Graph.from_networkx(nxgraph, layout="spring", layout_scale=3.5)
self.play(Create(G))
self.play(*[G[v].animate.move_to(5*RIGHT*np.cos(ind/7 * PI) +
3*UP*np.sin(ind/7 * PI))
for ind, v in enumerate(G.vertices)])
self.play(Uncreate(G))
Manim Community v0.18.1
%%manim -qm CodeFromString
class CodeFromString(Scene):
def construct(self):
code = '''from manim import Scene, Square
class FadeInSquare(Scene):
def construct(self):
s = Square()
self.play(FadeIn(s))
self.play(s.animate.scale(2))
self.wait()
'''
rendered_code = Code(code=code, tab_width=4, background="window",
language="Python", font="Monospace")
self.play(Write(rendered_code))
self.wait(2)
Manim Community v0.18.1
%%manim -qm OpeningManim
class OpeningManim(Scene):
def construct(self):
title = Tex(r"This is some \LaTeX")
basel = MathTex(r"\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}")
VGroup(title, basel).arrange(DOWN)
self.play(
Write(title),
FadeIn(basel, shift=UP),
)
self.wait()
transform_title = Tex("That was a transform")
transform_title.to_corner(UP + LEFT)
self.play(
Transform(title, transform_title),
LaggedStart(*[FadeOut(obj, shift=DOWN) for obj in basel]),
)
self.wait()
grid = NumberPlane(x_range=(-10, 10, 1), y_range=(-6.0, 6.0, 1))
grid_title = Tex("This is a grid")
grid_title.scale(1.5)
grid_title.move_to(transform_title)
self.add(grid, grid_title)
self.play(
FadeOut(title),
FadeIn(grid_title, shift=DOWN),
Create(grid, run_time=3, lag_ratio=0.1),
)
self.wait()
grid_transform_title = Tex(
r"That was a non-linear function \\ applied to the grid"
)
grid_transform_title.move_to(grid_title, UL)
grid.prepare_for_nonlinear_transform()
self.play(
grid.animate.apply_function(
lambda p: p + np.array([np.sin(p[1]), np.sin(p[0]), 0])
),
run_time=3,
)
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(grid_title, grid_transform_title))
self.wait()
Manim Community v0.18.1
[12/19/24 00:25:12] ERROR LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' tex_file_writing.py:314 not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:25:12,107 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: LaTeX Error: File `standalone.cls' not found.
# 2024-12-19 00:25:12,111 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
# 2024-12-19 00:25:12,116 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:314 -- LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop.
# 2024-12-19 00:25:12,119 ERROR manim tex_file_writing.py:348 -- Context of error:
-> \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
ERROR LaTeX compilation error: Emergency stop. tex_file_writing.py:314
ERROR Context of error: tex_file_writing.py:348 -> \documentclass[preview]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[13], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('manim', '-qm OpeningManim', '\nclass OpeningManim(Scene):\n def construct(self):\n title = Tex(r"This is some \\LaTeX")\n basel = MathTex(r"\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty \\frac{1}{n^2} = \\frac{\\pi^2}{6}")\n VGroup(title, basel).arrange(DOWN)\n self.play(\n Write(title),\n FadeIn(basel, shift=UP),\n )\n self.wait()\n\n transform_title = Tex("That was a transform")\n transform_title.to_corner(UP + LEFT)\n self.play(\n Transform(title, transform_title),\n LaggedStart(*[FadeOut(obj, shift=DOWN) for obj in basel]),\n )\n self.wait()\n\n grid = NumberPlane(x_range=(-10, 10, 1), y_range=(-6.0, 6.0, 1))\n grid_title = Tex("This is a grid")\n grid_title.scale(1.5)\n grid_title.move_to(transform_title)\n\n self.add(grid, grid_title)\n self.play(\n FadeOut(title),\n FadeIn(grid_title, shift=DOWN),\n Create(grid, run_time=3, lag_ratio=0.1),\n )\n self.wait()\n\n grid_transform_title = Tex(\n r"That was a non-linear function \\\\ applied to the grid"\n )\n grid_transform_title.move_to(grid_title, UL)\n grid.prepare_for_nonlinear_transform()\n self.play(\n grid.animate.apply_function(\n lambda p: p + np.array([np.sin(p[1]), np.sin(p[0]), 0])\n ),\n run_time=3,\n )\n self.wait()\n self.play(Transform(grid_title, grid_transform_title))\n self.wait()\n')
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2541, in InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2539 with self.builtin_trap:
2540 args = (magic_arg_s, cell)
-> 2541 result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
2543 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
2544 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
2545 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
2546 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/ipython_magic.py:143, in ManimMagic.manim(self, line, cell, local_ns)
141 SceneClass = local_ns[config["scene_names"][0]]
142 scene = SceneClass(renderer=renderer)
--> 143 scene.render()
144 finally:
145 # Shader cache becomes invalid as the context is destroyed
146 shader_program_cache.clear()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/scene/scene.py:229, in Scene.render(self, preview)
227 self.setup()
228 try:
--> 229 self.construct()
230 except EndSceneEarlyException:
231 pass
File <string>:4, in construct(self)
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:443, in Tex.__init__(self, arg_separator, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
440 def __init__(
441 self, *tex_strings, arg_separator="", tex_environment="center", **kwargs
442 ):
--> 443 super().__init__(
444 *tex_strings,
445 arg_separator=arg_separator,
446 tex_environment=tex_environment,
447 **kwargs,
448 )
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:293, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
280 if self.brace_notation_split_occurred:
281 logger.error(
282 dedent(
283 """\
(...)
291 ),
292 )
--> 293 raise compilation_error
294 self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
296 if self.organize_left_to_right:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:272, in MathTex.__init__(self, arg_separator, substrings_to_isolate, tex_to_color_map, tex_environment, *tex_strings, **kwargs)
270 self.tex_strings = self._break_up_tex_strings(tex_strings)
271 try:
--> 272 super().__init__(
273 self.arg_separator.join(self.tex_strings),
274 tex_environment=self.tex_environment,
275 tex_template=self.tex_template,
276 **kwargs,
277 )
278 self._break_up_by_substrings()
279 except ValueError as compilation_error:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py:81, in SingleStringMathTex.__init__(self, tex_string, stroke_width, should_center, height, organize_left_to_right, tex_environment, tex_template, font_size, **kwargs)
79 assert isinstance(tex_string, str)
80 self.tex_string = tex_string
---> 81 file_name = tex_to_svg_file(
82 self._get_modified_expression(tex_string),
83 environment=self.tex_environment,
84 tex_template=self.tex_template,
85 )
86 super().__init__(
87 file_name=file_name,
88 should_center=should_center,
(...)
95 **kwargs,
96 )
97 self.init_colors()
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:63, in tex_to_svg_file(expression, environment, tex_template)
60 if svg_file.exists():
61 return svg_file
---> 63 dvi_file = compile_tex(
64 tex_file,
65 tex_template.tex_compiler,
66 tex_template.output_format,
67 )
68 svg_file = convert_to_svg(dvi_file, tex_template.output_format)
69 if not config["no_latex_cleanup"]:
File /media/pc/data/lxw/envs/anaconda3a/envs/ai/lib/python3.12/site-packages/manim/utils/tex_file_writing.py:213, in compile_tex(tex_file, tex_compiler, output_format)
211 log_file = tex_file.with_suffix(".log")
212 print_all_tex_errors(log_file, tex_compiler, tex_file)
--> 213 raise ValueError(
214 f"{tex_compiler} error converting to"
215 f" {output_format[1:]}. See log output above or"
216 f" the log file: {log_file}",
217 )
218 return result
ValueError: latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: media/Tex/95419684cd0167a8.log