"""Per-test stdout/stderr capturing mechanism."""
import contextlib
import functools
import io
import os
import sys
from io import UnsupportedOperation
from tempfile import TemporaryFile
from typing import Any
from typing import AnyStr
from typing import Generator
from typing import Generic
from typing import Iterator
from typing import Optional
from typing import TextIO
from typing import Tuple
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from typing import Union
from _pytest.compat import final
from _pytest.config import Config
from _pytest.config import hookimpl
from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
from _pytest.nodes import Collector
from _pytest.nodes import File
from _pytest.nodes import Item
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Literal
_CaptureMethod = Literal["fd", "sys", "no", "tee-sys"]
def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
group = parser.getgroup("general")
group._addoption(
"--capture",
action="store",
default="fd",
metavar="method",
choices=["fd", "sys", "no", "tee-sys"],
help="per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.",
)
group._addoption(
"-s",
action="store_const",
const="no",
dest="capture",
help="shortcut for --capture=no.",
)
def _colorama_workaround() -> None:
"""Ensure colorama is imported so that it attaches to the correct stdio
handles on Windows.
colorama uses the terminal on import time. So if something does the
first import of colorama while I/O capture is active, colorama will
fail in various ways.
"""
if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
try:
import colorama # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
pass
def _windowsconsoleio_workaround(stream: TextIO) -> None:
"""Workaround for Windows Unicode console handling.
Python 3.6 implemented Unicode console handling for Windows. This works
by reading/writing to the raw console handle using
``{Read,Write}ConsoleW``.
The problem is that we are going to ``dup2`` over the stdio file
descriptors when doing ``FDCapture`` and this will ``CloseHandle`` the
handles used by Python to write to the console. Though there is still some
weirdness and the console handle seems to only be closed randomly and not
on the first call to ``CloseHandle``, or maybe it gets reopened with the
same handle value when we suspend capturing.
The workaround in this case will reopen stdio with a different fd which
also means a different handle by replicating the logic in
"Py_lifecycle.c:initstdio/create_stdio".
:param stream:
In practice ``sys.stdout`` or ``sys.stderr``, but given
here as parameter for unittesting purposes.
See https://github.com/pytest-dev/py/issues/103.
"""
if not sys.platform.startswith("win32") or hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
return
# Bail out if ``stream`` doesn't seem like a proper ``io`` stream (#2666).
if not hasattr(stream, "buffer"): # type: ignore[unreachable]
return
buffered = hasattr(stream.buffer, "raw")
raw_stdout = stream.buffer.raw if buffered else stream.buffer # type: ignore[attr-defined]
if not isinstance(raw_stdout, io._WindowsConsoleIO): # type: ignore[attr-defined]
return
def _reopen_stdio(f, mode):
if not buffered and mode[0] == "w":
buffering = 0
else:
buffering = -1
return io.TextIOWrapper(
open(os.dup(f.fileno()), mode, buffering),
f.encoding,
f.errors,
f.newlines,
f.line_buffering,
)
sys.stdin = _reopen_stdio(sys.stdin, "rb")
sys.stdout = _reopen_stdio(sys.stdout, "wb")
sys.stderr = _reopen_stdio(sys.stderr, "wb")
@hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_load_initial_conftests(early_config: Config):
ns = early_config.known_args_namespace
if ns.capture == "fd":
_windowsconsoleio_workaround(sys.stdout)
_colorama_workaround()
pluginmanager = early_config.pluginmanager
capman = CaptureManager(ns.capture)
pluginmanager.register(capman, "capturemanager")
# Make sure that capturemanager is properly reset at final shutdown.
early_config.add_cleanup(capman.stop_global_capturing)
# Finally trigger conftest loading but while capturing (issue #93).
capman.start_global_capturing()
outcome = yield
capman.suspend_global_capture()
if outcome.excinfo is not None:
out, err = capman.read_global_capture()
sys.stdout.write(out)
sys.stderr.write(err)
# IO Helpers.
class EncodedFile(io.TextIOWrapper):
__slots__ = ()
@property
def name(self) -> str:
# Ensure that file.name is a string. Workaround for a Python bug
# fixed in >=3.7.4: https://bugs.python.org/issue36015
return repr(self.buffer)
@property
def mode(self) -> str:
# TextIOWrapper doesn't expose a mode, but at least some of our
# tests check it.
return self.buffer.mode.replace("b", "")
class CaptureIO(io.TextIOWrapper):
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__(io.BytesIO(), encoding="UTF-8", newline="", write_through=True)
def getvalue(self) -> str:
assert isinstance(self.buffer, io.BytesIO)
return self.buffer.getvalue().decode("UTF-8")
class TeeCaptureIO(CaptureIO):
def __init__(self, other: TextIO) -> None:
self._other = other
super().__init__()
def write(self, s: str) -> int:
super().write(s)
return self._other.write(s)
class DontReadFromInput:
encoding = None
def read(self, *args):
raise OSError(
"pytest: reading from stdin while output is captured! Consider using `-s`."
)
readline = read
readlines = read
__next__ = read
def __iter__(self):
return self
def fileno(self) -> int:
raise UnsupportedOperation("redirected stdin is pseudofile, has no fileno()")
def isatty(self) -> bool:
return False
def close(self) -> None:
pass
@property
def buffer(self):
return self
# Capture classes.
patchsysdict = {0: "stdin", 1: "stdout", 2: "stderr"}
class NoCapture:
EMPTY_BUFFER = None
__init__ = start = done = suspend = resume = lambda *args: None
class SysCaptureBinary:
EMPTY_BUFFER = b""
def __init__(self, fd: int, tmpfile=None, *, tee: bool = False) -> None:
name = patchsysdict[fd]
self._old = getattr(sys, name)
self.name = name
if tmpfile is None:
if name == "stdin":
tmpfile = DontReadFromInput()
else:
tmpfile = CaptureIO() if not tee else TeeCaptureIO(self._old)
self.tmpfile = tmpfile
self._state = "initialized"
def repr(self, class_name: str) -> str:
return "<{} {} _old={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
class_name,
self.name,
hasattr(self, "_old") and repr(self._old) or "<UNSET>",
self._state,
self.tmpfile,
)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "<{} {} _old={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
self.__class__.__name__,
self.name,
hasattr(self, "_old") and repr(self._old) or "<UNSET>",
self._state,
self.tmpfile,
)
def _assert_state(self, op: str, states: Tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
assert (
self._state in states
), "cannot {} in state {!r}: expected one of {}".format(
op, self._state, ", ".join(states)
)
def start(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("start", ("initialized",))
setattr(sys, self.name, self.tmpfile)
self._state = "started"
def snap(self):
self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
res = self.tmpfile.buffer.read()
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
self.tmpfile.truncate()
return res
def done(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("done", ("initialized", "started", "suspended", "done"))
if self._state == "done":
return
setattr(sys, self.name, self._old)
del self._old
self.tmpfile.close()
self._state = "done"
def suspend(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("suspend", ("started", "suspended"))
setattr(sys, self.name, self._old)
self._state = "suspended"
def resume(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("resume", ("started", "suspended"))
if self._state == "started":
return
setattr(sys, self.name, self.tmpfile)
self._state = "started"
def writeorg(self, data) -> None:
self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
self._old.flush()
self._old.buffer.write(data)
self._old.buffer.flush()
class SysCapture(SysCaptureBinary):
EMPTY_BUFFER = "" # type: ignore[assignment]
def snap(self):
res = self.tmpfile.getvalue()
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
self.tmpfile.truncate()
return res
def writeorg(self, data):
self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
self._old.write(data)
self._old.flush()
class FDCaptureBinary:
"""Capture IO to/from a given OS-level file descriptor.
snap() produces `bytes`.
"""
EMPTY_BUFFER = b""
def __init__(self, targetfd: int) -> None:
self.targetfd = targetfd
try:
os.fstat(targetfd)
except OSError:
# FD capturing is conceptually simple -- create a temporary file,
# redirect the FD to it, redirect back when done. But when the
# target FD is invalid it throws a wrench into this lovely scheme.
#
# Tests themselves shouldn't care if the FD is valid, FD capturing
# should work regardless of external circumstances. So falling back
# to just sys capturing is not a good option.
#
# Further complications are the need to support suspend() and the
# possibility of FD reuse (e.g. the tmpfile getting the very same
# target FD). The following approach is robust, I believe.
self.targetfd_invalid: Optional[int] = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDWR)
os.dup2(self.targetfd_invalid, targetfd)
else:
self.targetfd_invalid = None
self.targetfd_save = os.dup(targetfd)
if targetfd == 0:
self.tmpfile = open(os.devnull)
self.syscapture = SysCapture(targetfd)
else:
self.tmpfile = EncodedFile(
TemporaryFile(buffering=0),
encoding="utf-8",
errors="replace",
newline="",
write_through=True,
)
if targetfd in patchsysdict:
self.syscapture = SysCapture(targetfd, self.tmpfile)
else:
self.syscapture = NoCapture()
self._state = "initialized"
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "<{} {} oldfd={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
self.__class__.__name__,
self.targetfd,
self.targetfd_save,
self._state,
self.tmpfile,
)
def _assert_state(self, op: str, states: Tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
assert (
self._state in states
), "cannot {} in state {!r}: expected one of {}".format(
op, self._state, ", ".join(states)
)
def start(self) -> None:
"""Start capturing on targetfd using memorized tmpfile."""
self._assert_state("start", ("initialized",))
os.dup2(self.tmpfile.fileno(), self.targetfd)
self.syscapture.start()
self._state = "started"
def snap(self):
self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
res = self.tmpfile.buffer.read()
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
self.tmpfile.truncate()
return res
def done(self) -> None:
"""Stop capturing, restore streams, return original capture file,
seeked to position zero."""
self._assert_state("done", ("initialized", "started", "suspended", "done"))
if self._state == "done":
return
os.dup2(self.targetfd_save, self.targetfd)
os.close(self.targetfd_save)
if self.targetfd_invalid is not None:
if self.targetfd_invalid != self.targetfd:
os.close(self.targetfd)
os.close(self.targetfd_invalid)
self.syscapture.done()
self.tmpfile.close()
self._state = "done"
def suspend(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("suspend", ("started", "suspended"))
if self._state == "suspended":
return
self.syscapture.suspend()
os.dup2(self.targetfd_save, self.targetfd)
self._state = "suspended"
def resume(self) -> None:
self._assert_state("resume", ("started", "suspended"))
if self._state == "started":
return
self.syscapture.resume()
os.dup2(self.tmpfile.fileno(), self.targetfd)
self._state = "started"
def writeorg(self, data):
"""Write to original file descriptor."""
self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
os.write(self.targetfd_save, data)
class FDCapture(FDCaptureBinary):
"""Capture IO to/from a given OS-level file descriptor.
snap() produces text.
"""
# Ignore type because it doesn't match the type in the superclass (bytes).
EMPTY_BUFFER = "" # type: ignore
def snap(self):
self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
res = self.tmpfile.read()
self.tmpfile.seek(0)
self.tmpfile.truncate()
return res
def writeorg(self, data):
"""Write to original file descriptor."""
super().writeorg(data.encode("utf-8")) # XXX use encoding of original stream
# MultiCapture
# This class was a namedtuple, but due to mypy limitation[0] it could not be
# made generic, so was replaced by a regular class which tries to emulate the
# pertinent parts of a namedtuple. If the mypy limitation is ever lifted, can
# make it a namedtuple again.
# [0]: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/685
@final
@functools.total_ordering
class CaptureResult(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""The result of :method:`CaptureFixture.readouterr`."""
__slots__ = ("out", "err")
def __init__(self, out: AnyStr, err: AnyStr) -> None:
self.out: AnyStr = out
self.err: AnyStr = err
def __len__(self) -> int:
return 2
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[AnyStr]:
return iter((self.out, self.err))
def __getitem__(self, item: int) -> AnyStr:
return tuple(self)[item]
def _replace(
self, *, out: Optional[AnyStr] = None, err: Optional[AnyStr] = None
) -> "CaptureResult[AnyStr]":
return CaptureResult(
out=self.out if out is None else out, err=self.err if err is None else err
)
def count(self, value: AnyStr) -> int:
return tuple(self).count(value)
def index(self, value) -> int:
return tuple(self).index(value)
def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, (CaptureResult, tuple)):
return NotImplemented
return tuple(self) == tuple(other)
def __hash__(self) -> int:
return hash(tuple(self))
def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, (CaptureResult, tuple)):
return NotImplemented
return tuple(self) < tuple(other)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"CaptureResult(out={self.out!r}, err={self.err!r})"
class MultiCapture(Generic[AnyStr]):
_state = None
_in_suspended = False
def __init__(self, in_, out, err) -> None:
self.in_ = in_
self.out = out
self.err = err
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "<MultiCapture out={!r} err={!r} in_={!r} _state={!r} _in_suspended={!r}>".format(
self.out,
self.err,
self.in_,
self._state,
self._in_suspended,
)
def start_capturing(self) -> None:
self._state = "started"
if self.in_:
self.in_.start()
if self.out:
self.out.start()
if self.err:
self.err.start()
def pop_outerr_to_orig(self) -> Tuple[AnyStr, AnyStr]:
"""Pop current snapshot out/err capture and flush to orig streams."""
out, err = self.readouterr()
if out:
self.out.writeorg(out)
if err:
self.err.writeorg(err)
return out, err
def suspend_capturing(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
self._state = "suspended"
if self.out:
self.out.suspend()
if self.err:
self.err.suspend()
if in_ and self.in_:
self.in_.suspend()
self._in_suspended = True
def resume_capturing(self) -> None:
self._state = "started"
if self.out:
self.out.resume()
if self.err:
self.err.resume()
if self._in_suspended:
self.in_.resume()
self._in_suspended = False
def stop_capturing(self) -> None:
"""Stop capturing and reset capturing streams."""
if self._state == "stopped":
raise ValueError("was already stopped")
self._state = "stopped"
if self.out:
self.out.done()
if self.err:
self.err.done()
if self.in_:
self.in_.done()
def is_started(self) -> bool:
"""Whether actively capturing -- not suspended or stopped."""
return self._state == "started"
def readouterr(self) -> CaptureResult[AnyStr]:
out = self.out.snap() if self.out else ""
err = self.err.snap() if self.err else ""
return CaptureResult(out, err)
def _get_multicapture(method: "_CaptureMethod") -> MultiCapture[str]:
if method == "fd":
return MultiCapture(in_=FDCapture(0), out=FDCapture(1), err=FDCapture(2))
elif method == "sys":
return MultiCapture(in_=SysCapture(0), out=SysCapture(1), err=SysCapture(2))
elif method == "no":
return MultiCapture(in_=None, out=None, err=None)
elif method == "tee-sys":
return MultiCapture(
in_=None, out=SysCapture(1, tee=True), err=SysCapture(2, tee=True)
)
raise ValueError(f"unknown capturing method: {method!r}")
# CaptureManager and CaptureFixture
class CaptureManager:
"""The capture plugin.
Manages that the appropriate capture method is enabled/disabled during
collection and each test phase (setup, call, teardown). After each of
those points, the captured output is obtained and attached to the
collection/runtest report.
There are two levels of capture:
* global: enabled by default and can be suppressed by the ``-s``
option. This is always enabled/disabled during collection and each test
phase.
* fixture: when a test function or one of its fixture depend on the
``capsys`` or ``capfd`` fixtures. In this case special handling is
needed to ensure the fixtures take precedence over the global capture.
"""
def __init__(self, method: "_CaptureMethod") -> None:
self._method = method
self._global_capturing: Optional[MultiCapture[str]] = None
self._capture_fixture: Optional[CaptureFixture[Any]] = None
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "<CaptureManager _method={!r} _global_capturing={!r} _capture_fixture={!r}>".format(
self._method, self._global_capturing, self._capture_fixture
)
def is_capturing(self) -> Union[str, bool]:
if self.is_globally_capturing():
return "global"
if self._capture_fixture:
return "fixture %s" % self._capture_fixture.request.fixturename
return False
# Global capturing control
def is_globally_capturing(self) -> bool:
return self._method != "no"
def start_global_capturing(self) -> None:
assert self._global_capturing is None
self._global_capturing = _get_multicapture(self._method)
self._global_capturing.start_capturing()
def stop_global_capturing(self) -> None:
if self._global_capturing is not None:
self._global_capturing.pop_outerr_to_orig()
self._global_capturing.stop_capturing()
self._global_capturing = None
def resume_global_capture(self) -> None:
# During teardown of the python process, and on rare occasions, capture
# attributes can be `None` while trying to resume global capture.
if self._global_capturing is not None:
self._global_capturing.resume_capturing()
def suspend_global_capture(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
if self._global_capturing is not None:
self._global_capturing.suspend_capturing(in_=in_)
def suspend(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
# Need to undo local capsys-et-al if it exists before disabling global capture.
self.suspend_fixture()
self.suspend_global_capture(in_)
def resume(self) -> None:
self.resume_global_capture()
self.resume_fixture()
def read_global_capture(self) -> CaptureResult[str]:
assert self._global_capturing is not None
return self._global_capturing.readouterr()
# Fixture Control
def set_fixture(self, capture_fixture: "CaptureFixture[Any]") -> None:
if self._capture_fixture:
current_fixture = self._capture_fixture.request.fixturename
requested_fixture = capture_fixture.request.fixturename
capture_fixture.request.raiseerror(
"cannot use {} and {} at the same time".format(
requested_fixture, current_fixture
)
)
self._capture_fixture = capture_fixture
def unset_fixture(self) -> None:
self._capture_fixture = None
def activate_fixture(self) -> None:
"""If the current item is using ``capsys`` or ``capfd``, activate
them so they take precedence over the global capture."""
if self._capture_fixture:
self._capture_fixture._start()
def deactivate_fixture(self) -> None:
"""Deactivate the ``capsys`` or ``capfd`` fixture of this item, if any."""
if self._capture_fixture:
self._capture_fixture.close()
def suspend_fixture(self) -> None:
if self._capture_fixture:
self._capture_fixture._suspend()
def resume_fixture(self) -> None:
if self._capture_fixture:
self._capture_fixture._resume()
# Helper context managers
@contextlib.contextmanager
def global_and_fixture_disabled(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
"""Context manager to temporarily disable global and current fixture capturing."""
do_fixture = self._capture_fixture and self._capture_fixture._is_started()
if do_fixture:
self.suspend_fixture()
do_global = self._global_capturing and self._global_capturing.is_started()
if do_global:
self.suspend_global_capture()
try:
yield
finally:
if do_global:
self.resume_global_capture()
if do_fixture:
self.resume_fixture()
@contextlib.contextmanager
def item_capture(self, when: str, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
self.resume_global_capture()
self.activate_fixture()
try:
yield
finally:
self.deactivate_fixture()
self.suspend_global_capture(in_=False)
out, err = self.read_global_capture()
item.add_report_section(when, "stdout", out)
item.add_report_section(when, "stderr", err)
# Hooks
@hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_make_collect_report(self, collector: Collector):
if isinstance(collector, File):
self.resume_global_capture()
outcome = yield
self.suspend_global_capture()
out, err = self.read_global_capture()
rep = outcome.get_result()
if out:
rep.sections.append(("Captured stdout", out))
if err:
rep.sections.append(("Captured stderr", err))
else:
yield
@hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_setup(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
with self.item_capture("setup", item):
yield
@hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_call(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
with self.item_capture("call", item):
yield
@hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_teardown(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
with self.item_capture("teardown", item):
yield
@hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_keyboard_interrupt(self) -> None:
self.stop_global_capturing()
@hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_internalerror(self) -> None:
self.stop_global_capturing()
[文档]class CaptureFixture(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""Object returned by the :fixture:`capsys`, :fixture:`capsysbinary`,
:fixture:`capfd` and :fixture:`capfdbinary` fixtures."""
def __init__(
self, captureclass, request: SubRequest, *, _ispytest: bool = False
) -> None:
check_ispytest(_ispytest)
self.captureclass = captureclass
self.request = request
self._capture: Optional[MultiCapture[AnyStr]] = None
self._captured_out = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
self._captured_err = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
def _start(self) -> None:
if self._capture is None:
self._capture = MultiCapture(
in_=None,
out=self.captureclass(1),
err=self.captureclass(2),
)
self._capture.start_capturing()
def close(self) -> None:
if self._capture is not None:
out, err = self._capture.pop_outerr_to_orig()
self._captured_out += out
self._captured_err += err
self._capture.stop_capturing()
self._capture = None
[文档] def readouterr(self) -> CaptureResult[AnyStr]:
"""Read and return the captured output so far, resetting the internal
buffer.
:returns:
The captured content as a namedtuple with ``out`` and ``err``
string attributes.
"""
captured_out, captured_err = self._captured_out, self._captured_err
if self._capture is not None:
out, err = self._capture.readouterr()
captured_out += out
captured_err += err
self._captured_out = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
self._captured_err = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
return CaptureResult(captured_out, captured_err)
def _suspend(self) -> None:
"""Suspend this fixture's own capturing temporarily."""
if self._capture is not None:
self._capture.suspend_capturing()
def _resume(self) -> None:
"""Resume this fixture's own capturing temporarily."""
if self._capture is not None:
self._capture.resume_capturing()
def _is_started(self) -> bool:
"""Whether actively capturing -- not disabled or closed."""
if self._capture is not None:
return self._capture.is_started()
return False
[文档] @contextlib.contextmanager
def disabled(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
"""Temporarily disable capturing while inside the ``with`` block."""
capmanager = self.request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
with capmanager.global_and_fixture_disabled():
yield
# The fixtures.
[文档]@fixture
def capsys(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
r"""Enable text capturing of writes to ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``.
The captured output is made available via ``capsys.readouterr()`` method
calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_output(capsys):
print("hello")
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert captured.out == "hello\n"
"""
capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](SysCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
capture_fixture._start()
yield capture_fixture
capture_fixture.close()
capman.unset_fixture()
[文档]@fixture
def capsysbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, None]:
r"""Enable bytes capturing of writes to ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``.
The captured output is made available via ``capsysbinary.readouterr()``
method calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
``out`` and ``err`` will be ``bytes`` objects.
Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_output(capsysbinary):
print("hello")
captured = capsysbinary.readouterr()
assert captured.out == b"hello\n"
"""
capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](SysCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
capture_fixture._start()
yield capture_fixture
capture_fixture.close()
capman.unset_fixture()
[文档]@fixture
def capfd(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
r"""Enable text capturing of writes to file descriptors ``1`` and ``2``.
The captured output is made available via ``capfd.readouterr()`` method
calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_system_echo(capfd):
os.system('echo "hello"')
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert captured.out == "hello\n"
"""
capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](FDCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
capture_fixture._start()
yield capture_fixture
capture_fixture.close()
capman.unset_fixture()
[文档]@fixture
def capfdbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, None]:
r"""Enable bytes capturing of writes to file descriptors ``1`` and ``2``.
The captured output is made available via ``capfd.readouterr()`` method
calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
``out`` and ``err`` will be ``byte`` objects.
Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_system_echo(capfdbinary):
os.system('echo "hello"')
captured = capfdbinary.readouterr()
assert captured.out == b"hello\n"
"""
capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](FDCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
capture_fixture._start()
yield capture_fixture
capture_fixture.close()
capman.unset_fixture()
