入门指南¶

To get started with using pip, you should install Python on your system.

确保你有一个可以工作的 pip¶

作为第一步，你应该检查你是否有一个安装了 pip 的工作 Python。这可以通过运行以下命令来完成，并确保输出结果看起来类似。

Linux

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

MacOS

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

Windows

C:> py --version
Python 3.N.N
C:> py -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

如果这起作用了，恭喜你！你有一个在你的环境中工作的 pip。

如果你得到的输出与上面的样本不一样，请阅读安装页面。它提供了关于如何在一个没有 pip 的 Python 环境中安装 pip 的指导。

普通任务¶

安装包¶

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

By default, pip will fetch packages from Python Package Index, a repository of software for the Python programming language where anyone can upload packages.

从 GitHub 上安装一个软件包¶

Linux

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

关于这个语法的更多信息，请参见 VCS Support。

从发行文件中安装一个软件包¶

pip 也可以直接从发行文件中安装。它们有两种形式：

source distribution （通常简称为 “sdist”）
wheel distribution （通常简称为 “wheel”）

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

使用一个需求文件安装多个软件包¶

许多 Python 项目使用 requirements.txt 文件，来指定项目运行所需安装的软件包列表。要安装该文件中列出的软件包，你可以运行：

Linux

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

升级软件包¶

Linux

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

卸载软件包¶

Linux

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

下一步行动¶

建议了解一下什么是虚拟环境以及如何使用它们。这在 packaging.python.org 上的安装包教程中有所阐述。